Document Type
Article
Publication Date
2022
Abstract
Critics raise alarm bells about governmental use of digital algorithms, charging that they are too complex, inscrutable, and prone to bias. A realistic assessment of digital algorithms, though, must acknowledge that government is already driven by algorithms of arguably greater complexity and potential for abuse: the algorithms implicit in human decision-making. The human brain operates algorithmically through complex neural networks. And when humans make collective decisions, they operate via algorithms too—those reflected in legislative, judicial, and administrative processes. Yet these human algorithms undeniably fail and are far from transparent. On an individual level, human decision-making suffers from memory limitations, fatigue, cognitive biases, and racial prejudices, among other problems. On an organizational level, humans succumb to groupthink and free-riding, along with other collective dysfunctionalities. As a result, human decisions will in some cases prove far more problematic than their digital counterparts. Digital algorithms, such as machine learning, can improve governmental performance by facilitating outcomes that are more accurate, timely, and consistent. Still, when deciding whether to deploy digital algorithms to perform tasks currently completed by humans, public officials should proceed with care on a case-by-case basis. They should consider both whether a particular use would satisfy the basic preconditions for successful machine learning and whether it would in fact lead to demonstrable improvements over the status quo. The question about the future of public administration is not whether digital algorithms are perfect. Rather, it is a question about what will work better: human algorithms or digital ones.
Keywords
Artificial intelligence, machine learning, algorithmic decisionmaking, public administration, e-government, digital government, government regulation & benefits, cognitive limitations & biases, multicriteria decisionmaking, fairness, due process, risk management, administrative law
Publication Title
Duke Law Journal
Repository Citation
Coglianese, Cary and Lai, Alicia, "Algorithm vs. Algorithm" (2022). All Faculty Scholarship. 2795.
https://scholarship.law.upenn.edu/faculty_scholarship/2795
Included in
Administrative Law Commons, Artificial Intelligence and Robotics Commons, Law and Society Commons, Public Administration Commons, Public Law and Legal Theory Commons, Science and Technology Studies Commons, Theory and Algorithms Commons
Publication Citation
72 Duke L. J. 1281 (2022)