Document Type
Article
Publication Date
2-1-2017
Abstract
The justice system in the United States has long recognized that juvenile offenders are not the same as adults, and has tried to incorporate those differences into law and policy. But only in recent decades have behavioral scientists and neuroscientists, along with policymakers, looked rigorously at developmental differences, seeking answers to two overarching questions: Are young offenders, purely by virtue of their immaturity, different from older individuals who commit crimes? And, if they are, how should justice policy take this into account?
A growing body of research on adolescent development now confirms that teenagers are indeed inherently different from adults, not only in their behaviors, but also (and of course relatedly) in the ways their brains function. These findings have influenced a series of Supreme Court decisions relating to the treatment of adolescents, and have led legislators and other policymakers across the country to adopt a range of developmentally informed justice policies.
New research is showing distinct changes in the brains of young adults, ages 18 to 21, suggesting that they too may be immature in ways that are relevant to justice policy. This knowledge brief from the MacArthur Foundation Research Network on Law and Neuroscience considers the implications of this new research.
Keywords
Juvenile justice, adolescent, children, minors, brain, brain imaging, neuroscience, law and neuroscience, neurolaw, neuroimaging, cognitive neuroscience, cognitive psychology, maturity, functional magnetic resonance imaging, fMRI, responsibility, culpability, mens rea, punishment, crime
Publication Title
MacArthur Foundation Research Network on Law and Neuroscience
Repository Citation
Casey, B J.; Bonnie, Richard J.; Davis, Andre; Faigman, David L.; Hoffman, Morris B.; Jones, Owen D.; Montague, Read; Morse, Stephen J.; Raichle, Marcus E.; Richeson, Jennifer A.; Scott, Elizabeth S.; Steinberg, Laurence; Taylor-Thompson, Kim A.; and Wagner, Anthony D., "How Should Justice Policy Treat Young Offenders?" (2017). All Faculty Scholarship. 1744.
https://scholarship.law.upenn.edu/faculty_scholarship/1744
Included in
Behavioral Neurobiology Commons, Child Psychology Commons, Cognition and Perception Commons, Cognitive Neuroscience Commons, Criminal Law Commons, Criminology Commons, Juvenile Law Commons, Law and Psychology Commons, Law Enforcement and Corrections Commons, Public Law and Legal Theory Commons
Publication Citation
MacArthur Foundation Research Network on Law and Neuroscience, February 2017