Document Type
Article
Publication Date
2016
Abstract
For almost five decades, the injury-in-fact requirement has been a mainstay of Article III standing doctrine. Critics have attacked the requirement as incoherent and unduly malleable. But the Supreme Court has continued to announce “injury in fact” as the bedrock of justiciability. In Spokeo v. Robins, the Supreme Court confronted a high profile and recurrent conflict regarding the standing of plaintiffs claiming statutory damages. It clarified some matters, but remanded the case for final resolution. This Essay derives from the cryptic language of Spokeo a six stage process (complete with flowchart) that represents the Court’s current equilibrium. We put each step in the context of standing precedent. We show that while Spokeo added some structure to the injury in fact doctrine, each stage of the analysis allows play in the joints that leaves future courts and litigants substantial room for maneuver.
Keywords
Constitutional law, Article III, cases and controversies, case-or-controversy requirement, standing doctrine, courts, litigation, injury-in-fact requirement, justiciability
Publication Title
University of Pennsylvania Law Review Online
Repository Citation
Konnoth, Craig and Kreimer, Seth F., "Spelling Out Spokeo" (2016). All Faculty Scholarship. 1663.
https://scholarship.law.upenn.edu/faculty_scholarship/1663
Included in
Constitutional Law Commons, Courts Commons, Jurisdiction Commons, Policy Design, Analysis, and Evaluation Commons, Public Law and Legal Theory Commons, Public Policy Commons, Supreme Court of the United States Commons
Publication Citation
165 U. Pa. L. Rev. Online 47 (2016)